Tanya :
maz,,mu tanya link perintah dasar di ubuntu dmn ?? coz baru 2hari pake ubuntu jg masih bingung bgt m GUI nya
Jawab :
Pertanyaan pertama tentu adalah : Jika anda menggunakan lingkungan GUI (Graphical User Interface) untuk bekerja sehari-hari, kenapa anda membutuhkan Command Line Interface ?
Alasan yang paling sederhana adalah kebebasan. Di Open Source anda berkuasa penuh atas sistem anda, anda bisa melakukan apa saja pada sistem anda, dan Command Line Interface atau Shell membuat anda lebih leluasa melakukan intervensi ke dalam sistem anda. Anda tetap dapat menggunakan GUI untuk kenyamanan, tapi anda dapat menggunakan shell untuk kekuasaan … 🙂
Membuka Terminal di Ubuntu
Anda dapat melakukannya di
Application → Accessories → Terminal
Atau dapat pula menggunakan shortcut keyboard anda :
Ctrl + Alt + T
Memahami Syntax Perintah di Shell
Secara umum perintah di Shell berbentuk
Perintah opsi1 opsi2 …. opsiN
Contoh :
ls -l
Itu berarti perintahnya adalah ls dengan opsi -l
Di komputer saya perintah itu akan menghasilkan tampilan isi direktori sebagai berikut :
total 47008 -rw-r--r-- 1 rezaervani rezaervani 47923618 2011-01-28 16:28 1412942357.rar -rw-r--r-- 1 rezaervani rezaervani 9084 2011-03-04 08:52 Action Research 2.odt -rw-r--r-- 1 rezaervani rezaervani 72 2011-02-27 05:15 alamatlikyon -rw-r--r-- 1 rezaervani rezaervani 593 2011-03-10 09:03 buatdistatusfesbuk drwxr-xr-x 3 rezaervani rezaervani 4096 2011-02-28 11:57 Desktop drwxr-xr-x 20 rezaervani rezaervani 4096 2011-03-17 07:08 Documents drwxr-xr-x 4 rezaervani rezaervani 4096 2011-03-15 19:14 Downloads drwxr-xr-x 2 rezaervani rezaervani 4096 2011-03-04 13:32 dwhelper -rw-r--r-- 1 rezaervani rezaervani 179 2011-02-26 07:39 examples.desktop -rw-r--r-- 1 rezaervani rezaervani 379 2011-03-01 13:34 Hasil Diskusi Hari ke-2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37150 2011-03-06 12:49 inidatanya-01.cap -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 515 2011-03-06 12:52 inidatanya-01.csv -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 603 2011-03-06 12:52 inidatanya-01.kismet.csv -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1603 2011-03-06 12:52 inidatanya-01.kismet.netxml -rw-r--r-- 1 rezaervani rezaervani 32 2011-02-26 08:01 mukhtar drwxr-xr-x 12 rezaervani rezaervani 4096 2011-03-11 18:41 Music -rw-r--r-- 1 rezaervani rezaervani 57598 2011-03-06 12:48 New Document.odt -rw-r--r-- 1 rezaervani rezaervani 114 2011-02-28 08:04 notulensipertemuan drwxr-xr-x 6 rezaervani rezaervani 4096 2011-03-17 07:10 Pictures -rw-r--r-- 1 rezaervani rezaervani 3685 2011-03-02 10:42 prosedurrecoverymmc drwxr-xr-x 2 rezaervani rezaervani 4096 2011-02-26 07:43 Public -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24 2011-03-06 08:50 replay_arp-0306-085048.cap -rw-r--r-- 1 rezaervani rezaervani 18 2011-03-11 22:51 Ryan drwxr-xr-x 2 rezaervani rezaervani 4096 2011-02-26 07:43 Templates drwxr-xr-x 4 rezaervani rezaervani 4096 2011-03-02 05:50 Videos
Sekarang mari kita bahas beberapa perintah Shell LINUX, Mulai dari Huruf A.
Beberapa Perintah Shell Linux
apropos : Mencari keterangan yang mengandung potongan kata yang diberikan
Contoh :
Perintah :
apropos ls
Akan menampilkan : (Sangat panjang karena banyak sekali keterangan yang mengandung huruf ls)
_llseek (2) - reposition read/write file offset aconnect (1) - ALSA sequencer connection manager add-shell (8) - add shells to the list of valid login shells afs_syscall (2) - unimplemented system calls alsactl (1) - advanced controls for ALSA soundcard driver alsamixer (1) - soundcard mixer for ALSA soundcard driver, with ncurses interface amidi (1) - read from and write to ALSA RawMIDI ports amixer (1) - command-line mixer for ALSA soundcard driver aplay (1) - command-line sound recorder and player for ALSA soundcard driver arecord (1) - command-line sound recorder and player for ALSA soundcard driver aseqdump (1) - show the events received at an ALSA sequencer port aseqnet (1) - ALSA sequencer connectors over network assert (3) - abort the program if assertion is false auth_destroy (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls authnone_create (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls authunix_create (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls authunix_create_default (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls backtrace_symbols (3) - support for application self-debugging backtrace_symbols_fd (3) - support for application self-debugging blockdev (8) - call block device ioctls from the command line break (2) - unimplemented system calls …....... watch (1) - execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen wireless (7) - Wireless Tools and Wireless Extensions xdr_accepted_reply (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls xdr_authunix_parms (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls xdr_callhdr (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls xdr_callmsg (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls xdr_opaque_auth (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls xdr_pmap (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls xdr_pmaplist (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls xdr_rejected_reply (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls xdr_replymsg (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls xlsatoms (1) - list interned atoms defined on server xlsclients (1) - list client applications running on a display xlsfonts (1) - server font list displayer for X XML::LibXML::Boolean (3pm) - Boolean true/false values XML::LibXML::ErrNo (3pm) - Structured Errors This module is based on xmlerror.h libxml2 C header file. It defines symbolic constants for all libxml2 error... XML::XPath::Boolean (3pm) - Boolean true/false values XML::XPath::PerlSAX (3pm) - A PerlSAX event generator for my weird node structure xprt_register (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls xprt_unregister (3) - library routines for remote procedure calls
whatis : sama dengan apropos, hanya saja cuma akan menampilkan kata yang utuh
Contoh :
whatis ls
Akan menampilkan
ls (1) - list directory contents
info : menampilkan informasi tentang suatu perintah
Contoh :
Perintah :
info ls
Akan menampilkan :
File: coreutils.info, Node: ls invocation, Next: dir invocation, Up: Directory listing 10.1 `ls': List directory contents ================================== The `ls' program lists information about files (of any type, including directories). Options and file arguments can be intermixed arbitrarily, as usual. For non-option command-line arguments that are directories, by default `ls' lists the contents of directories, not recursively, and omitting files with names beginning with `.'. For other non-option arguments, by default `ls' lists just the file name. If no non-option argument is specified, `ls' operates on the current directory, acting as if it had been invoked with a single argument of `.'. By default, the output is sorted alphabetically, according to the locale settings in effect.(1) If standard output is a terminal, the output is in columns (sorted vertically) and control characters are output as question marks; otherwise, the output is listed one per line and control characters are output as-is. Because `ls' is such a fundamental program, it has accumulated many options over the years. They are described in the subsections below; within each section, options are listed alphabetically (ignoring case). The division of options into the subsections is not absolute, since some options affect more than one aspect of `ls''s operation. Exit status: 0 success 1 minor problems (e.g., failure to access a file or directory not specified as a command line argument. This happens when listing a directory in which entries are actively being removed or renamed.) 2 serious trouble (e.g., memory exhausted, invalid option or failure to access file or directory specified as a command line argument) Also see *note Common options::. * Menu: * Which files are listed:: * What information is listed:: * Sorting the output:: * More details about version sort:: * General output formatting:: --zz-Info: (coreutils.info.gz)ls invocation, 56 lines --Top-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Welcome to Info version 4.13. Type h for help, m for menu item.
man : menampilkan manual tentang sebuah perintah
Contoh :
man ls
Akan menampilkan :
LS(1) User Commands LS(1) NAME ls - list directory contents SYNOPSIS ls [OPTION]... [FILE]... DESCRIPTION List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with . -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and .. --author with -l, print the author of each file -b, --escape print octal escapes for nongraphic characters --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~ -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information) with -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime -C list entries by columns --color[=WHEN] control whether color is used to distinguish file types. WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto' -d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color Manual page ls(1) line 1
Demikian bagian pertama ini, insya Allah akan kita lanjutkan lagi di kesempatan lain di blog ini.
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