Tanya :
Bang Reza, bikinin tutorial remastering dong … ^_^
Jawab :
OK, berikut ini tutorial dasar remastering ubuntu menggunakan lingkungan chroot. Untuk mempermudah saya padukan antara penggunaan GUI dan Terminal.
Catatan : Klik gambar untuk memperbesar
Selamat menikmati
Langkah 1 : Ekstrak ISO
Tentukan “induk” Ubuntu yang akan anda pakai, misalnya Ubuntu 10.10. Ekstrak file *.iso – nya :
Klik kanan di file *.iso tersebut lalu pilih “Extract Here”
Anda akan mendapatkan sebuah folder seperti di gambar :
Ganti nama folder tersebut, misalnya ubuntugue
Buat salinan dari folder tersebut kita beri nama edit :
Lalu masuk ke folder edit,
lalu masuk ke folder casper
Lalu pindahkan file “filesystem.squashfs” keluar dari folder casper tersebut.
Nah, kini kita akan melakukan ekstraksi filesystem.squashfs itu dengan unsquashfs.
Install terlebih dahulu unsquashfs dengan perintah :
sudo apt-get install squashfs-tools
Lalu kita ekstrak file tadi dengan perintah
sudo unsquashfs filesystem.squashfs
Prosesnya akan tampak seperti ini :
rezaervani@rezaervani-laptop:~/Documents/REMASTERING$ sudo unsquashfs filesystem.squashfs Parallel unsquashfs: Using 2 processors 122450 inodes (125068 blocks) to write[=========================================================-] 125068/125068 100% created 91334 files created 15295 directories created 30605 symlinks created 85 devices created 0 fifos
Lalu masuk ke folder hasil ekstraksi tadi :
Jika anda perhatikan, isinya sama dengan sebuah sistem LINUX kan ?
Note : Setelah ekstraksi Anda dapat menghapus filesystem.squashfs yang tadi jadi sumber ekstraksi
Tapi kali ini kita tidak akan bekerja di GUI. Gunakan terminal untuk tahap-tahap selanjutnya dibawah ini :
Chroot
Kita akan menjadikan folder tadi sebagai lingkungan kerja kita menggunakan chroot. Lakukan perintah :
sudo chroot squashfs-root
Anda akan melihat perubahan prompt terminal anda seperti contoh :
root@rezaervani-laptop:/#
Ini berarti kita sudah berada di lingkungan chroot, dan area sistem chroot kita adalah folder squashfs-root tadi
Bekerja di lingkungan chroot ini sama saja dengan bekerja di Ubuntu Anda. Anda bisa menginstall program yang ingin anda tambahkan ke Ubuntu remastering Anda dengan perintah apt-get install, menghapus dengan perintah apt-get purge dan lainnya. Seberapa canggih hasil remastering anda bergantung pula pada seberapa banyak pengetahuan anda tentang sistem LINUX dan konfigurasinya.
Intinya perubahan Ubuntu versi anda dilakukan di chroot ini. Termasuk perubahan desktop wallpaper, tampilan booting dll. Lakukan sesuai keinginan anda.
Beberapa Konfigurasi Penting
Ada beberapa konfigurasi yang membutuhkan keberadaan direktori /proc /sys dan /dev, siasati dengan melakukan mounting direktori tersebut dari sistem host anda (Ubuntu non chroot) ke sistem chroot anda, dengan perintah :
mount -t proc none /proc/ mount -t sysfs none /sys/ mount -t devpts none /dev/pts
Kondisikan juga HOME anda ke direktori /root dengan perintah
export HOME=/root
Edit sources.list di chroot anda
Seperti di sistem host, anda juga dapat mengedit sources.list anda agar sesuai dengan keinginan anda
Koneksi internet di lingkungan chroot
Anda butuh koneksi internet untuk proses instalasi sebuah program, pastikan DNS anda benar dengan mengedit file resolv.conf di lingkungan chroot anda
sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf
Isi dengan nomor IP DNS Anda
Biasakan menggunakan editor non GUI
Walapun anda bisa menggunakan editor berbasis GUI ketika mengedit sebuah konfigurasi di lingkungan chroot, tapi menggunakan editor non GUI seperti vim atau nano akan lebih membantu
Keluar dari Lingkungan chroot
Setelah selesai melakukan kustomisasi, misalnya menambah perangkat lunak, merubah tampilan dan lain-lain, anda dapat keluar dari lingkungan chroot.
Tapi lakukan dengan bersih
Bersihkan dulu sisa-sisa instalasi anda
apt-get clean
Bersihkan juga file-file yang mungkin tersisa di direktori /tmp
rm -rf /tmp/*
Jangan lupa juga kembali konfigurasi anda yang tadi dilakukan di file resolv.conf dan sources.list
Jangan lupa unmount direktori /proc dan /sys
umount /proc/ umount /sys/
Keluar dari lingkungan chroot dengan perintah
exit
Memulangkan filesystem.squashfs
Setelah tadi ekstraksi filesystem.squashfs kita edit, kini kita akan mengemasnya kembali menjadi filesystem.squashfs
Menyiapkan Kepulangan filesystem.squashfs
Kembali ke direktori “edit”, tempat tadi filesystem.squashfs kita ambil. Kita akan menyiapkan dulu beberapa hal yakni mendaftarkan perangkat lunak baru di filesystem.manifest
Masuk ke folder casper di direktori “edit”, rubah file permission dari filesytem.manifest agar bisa ditulis
chmod +w filesystem.manifest
Lalu daftarkan perangkat lunak yang tadi anda tambahkan ke filesystem.manifest (di dalam folder casper)
sudo chroot squashfs-root dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' \
> edit/casper/filesystem.manifest
Salin filesystem.manifest ke filesystem.manifest-desktop (di dalam folder casper)
sudo cp filesystem.manifest filesystem.manifest-desktop
Jangan lupa tambahkan ubiquity agar distro anda bisa diinstall
sudo sed -i '/ubiquity/d' edit/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop sudo sed -i '/casper/d' edit/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
Kemas lagi folder squashfs-root tadi menjadi file filesystem.squashfs
sudo mksquashfs squashfs-root filesystem.squashfs
Prosesnya akan tampak seperti contoh berikut :
rezaervani@rezaervani-laptop:~/Documents/REMASTERING$ sudo mksquashfs squashfs-root/ filesystem.squashfs Parallel mksquashfs: Using 2 processors Creating 4.0 filesystem on filesystem.squashfs, block size 131072. [===========================================================/] 94378/94378 100% Exportable Squashfs 4.0 filesystem, data block size 131072 compressed data, compressed metadata, compressed fragments duplicates are removed Filesystem size 676471.47 Kbytes (660.62 Mbytes) 38.05% of uncompressed filesystem size (1777711.75 Kbytes) Inode table size 1359941 bytes (1328.07 Kbytes) 25.48% of uncompressed inode table size (5338135 bytes) Directory table size 1345564 bytes (1314.03 Kbytes) 40.79% of uncompressed directory table size (3298959 bytes) Number of duplicate files found 9776 Number of inodes 137320 Number of files 91335 Number of fragments 6190 Number of symbolic links 30605 Number of device nodes 85 Number of fifo nodes 0 Number of socket nodes 0 Number of directories 15295 Number of ids (unique uids + gids) 30 Number of uids 9 root (0) man (6) daemon (1) couchdb (105) hplip (113) saned (112) usbmux (107) libuuid (100) avahi-autoipd (103) Number of gids 28 root (0) video (44) audio (29) tty (5) fuse (104) kmem (15) disk (6) daemon (1) dip (30) lpadmin (105) couchdb (113) shadow (42) netdev (112) crontab (102) mail (8) avahi (111) ssl-cert (106) utmp (43) messagebus (107) games (60) pulse-access (116) staff (50) libuuid (101) src (40) admin (119) mlocate (108) gdm (120) adm (4)
Pulangkan kembali filesystem.squashfs ini ke dalam direktori edit/casper
sudo cp filesystem.squashfs edit/casper
Selanjutnya berikan nama distro anda di file README.diskdefines
sudo gedit edit/README.diskdefines
Isinya tampak seperti :
#define DISKNAME Ubuntu 10.10 "Maverick Meerkat" - Release i386 #define TYPE binary #define TYPEbinary 1 #define ARCH i386 #define ARCHi386 1 #define DISKNUM 1 #define DISKNUM1 1 #define TOTALNUM 0 #define TOTALNUM0 1
Ganti Kalimat “Maverick Meerkat” dengan nama yang anda inginkan
Menghitung ulang MD5 HASH
Hapus dulu file md5sum yang lama
sudo rm md5sum.txt
Lalu hitung ulang
find -type f -print0 | sudo xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v isolinux/boot.cat \ | sudo tee md5sum.txt
Prosesnya akan tampak seperti berikut :
rezaervani@rezaervani-laptop:~/Documents/REMASTERING/edit$ find -type f -print0 | sudo xargs -0 md5sum | grep -v isolinux/boot.cat | sudo tee md5sum.txt [sudo] password for rezaervani: 62bf7841341b7faa69062fd0095af116 ./autorun.inf 3f24a4dab85ffdf52d189fc2af5bcee3 ./README.diskdefines fe6fa04c981a9d3835f12f27bd6dda71 ./usb-creator.exe 6b711ba074b35f57ff4cb4c453109709 ./pool/restricted/b/bcmwl/bcmwl-kernel-source_5.60.48.36+bdcom-0ubuntu5_i386.deb d21ce544f70c9c7d6a3af452d3e4b7c3 ./pool/restricted/s/sl-modem/sl-modem-daemon_2.9.11~20100718-2_i386.deb 4e3190bd7e336e9640cc643118e43a2b ./pool/main/g/gcc-defaults/g++_4.4.4-1ubuntu2_i386.deb 09411ea75687bac8174dc18c65570547 ./pool/main/g/gcc-4.4/g++-4.4_4.4.4-14ubuntu5_i386.deb 67259128a0d7c83e7c7b56e270a0741e ./pool/main/g/gcc-4.4/libstdc++6-4.4-dev_4.4.4-14ubuntu5_i386.deb 4d4d776758c9d1535b486000ff673eff ./pool/main/f/fakeroot/fakeroot_1.14.4-1ubuntu1_i386.deb 5cf3364130a9e9b11d71deadb0354648 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d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e ./isolinux/da.hlp 7931deafe0d94adab1c1b4f2eb682fdd ./isolinux/sk.tr 16e7d4b2e4c890700b9f55d143b71394 ./isolinux/f6.txt 40f7f6fe67f21f800869166546ecd874 ./isolinux/f3.txt 10e5be68a39c362016fde80090b9fc37 ./isolinux/eu.tr 98ae47e0ec0afad988945b0ae39336db ./isolinux/bootlogo 7be3c47076f856f1376f371b16554df3 ./isolinux/ca.hlp 7af118c3b40fcdeb09bb3af7e3172c9b ./isolinux/ga.tr 81ac79023079ecbb2ae6b634993a7cc1 ./isolinux/gl.hlp 6ea084dd2c79f68d6aa04c9d2c142a55 ./isolinux/txt.cfg 2aa7ecd474c9e91dcb908c90cff3220f ./isolinux/splash.pcx 356cbe18e328ee3b6fa7196e2ff84789 ./isolinux/vi.hlp a9f588aab4d29ffcfcbc722c154a623b ./isolinux/fi.hlp 79ec0f7689bf80fc3f0e339c6c20bfcd ./isolinux/ku.tr 218b8e4ce681f679f1e5354df048c0a7 ./isolinux/pt_BR.hlp 5ff3d2c8891318ad0a4d4abd5f5c6403 ./isolinux/sq.tr 1cffa5b2bd56d98a4e601bcc61b178dd ./isolinux/zh_CN.tr b63424ca88cede7e58e99aad15b1a671 ./isolinux/sq.hlp ba139ff8266a16b0ec38c47bb2234e73 ./isolinux/en.tr 0f3651a5fc61c43ec3188d351453fece ./isolinux/am.tr f0c0082b6334ccfcdd22280873ae8d9a ./isolinux/f5.txt 446860a52b097d683b6cfe94d67d07ff ./isolinux/isolinux.cfg 4d38b7bd1f15c8793aa577cb18010524 ./isolinux/de.tr bb9677b7910d4b887f9360c073b23875 ./isolinux/en.hlp 87c414f23b45787297982cd9a7662edf ./isolinux/ro.tr 0f225452dac9d9290751412d4d1b82ee ./isolinux/sv.hlp c0dc33fc5b2ede783fa2a30cf3021e34 ./isolinux/et.tr a50e09c06f12b12b98aedbc1240ae971 ./isolinux/ca.tr bd88a24f9d2b9ef6b756e5309f13b5d9 ./isolinux/bs.tr e0e2829a5b55cd04494102c22cc89847 ./isolinux/nn.tr d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e ./isolinux/hi.hlp 0161623eddd2bf7eca37ebd5f0b5fd3f ./isolinux/zh_CN.hlp 8ecf9057b96e318e331af79a949f7b64 ./isolinux/tr.hlp 4579b4ab2958f6e68dff65844c773d64 ./isolinux/isolinux.bin edfed969eeefce285335ede968c72f64 ./[BOOT]/Bootable_NoEmulation.img
Mengemas distro kita menjadi *ISO
Kita akan gunakan program mkisofs untuk mengemas folder remastering kita tadi menjadi ISO
sudo mkisofs -D -r -V "$IMAGE_NAME" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c \ isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o \ ../ubuntu-9.04.1-desktop-i386-custom.iso .
Note : Jangan lupa tanda titik di akhir perintah tersebut
Proses pengemasan ISO dengan mkisofs akan tampak seperti :
rezaervani@rezaervani-laptop:~/Documents/REMASTERING/edit$ sudo mkisofs -D -r -V "$IMAGE_NAME" -cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -o ../gubahan10.10-desktop-i386-custom.iso . I: -input-charset not specified, using utf-8 (detected in locale settings) Size of boot image is 4 sectors -> No emulation 1.41% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:09 2011 2.82% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:44 2011 4.23% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:32 2011 5.64% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:26 2011 7.05% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:23 2011 8.46% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:20 2011 9.86% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:19 2011 11.27% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:26 2011 12.68% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:24 2011 14.09% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:23 2011 15.50% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:21 2011 16.91% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:20 2011 18.32% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:19 2011 19.73% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:24 2011 21.13% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:23 2011 22.54% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:22 2011 23.95% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:21 2011 25.36% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:24 2011 26.77% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:23 2011 28.18% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:26 2011 29.59% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:25 2011 31.00% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:28 2011 32.40% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:27 2011 33.81% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:26 2011 35.22% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:28 2011 36.63% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:28 2011 38.04% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:30 2011 39.45% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:29 2011 40.86% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:31 2011 42.27% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:30 2011 43.67% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:31 2011 45.08% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:31 2011 46.49% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:30 2011 47.90% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:31 2011 49.31% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:31 2011 50.72% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:32 2011 52.13% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:32 2011 53.54% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:33 2011 54.94% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:32 2011 56.35% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:33 2011 57.76% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:33 2011 59.17% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:32 2011 60.58% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:37 2011 61.99% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:36 2011 63.40% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:35 2011 64.81% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:35 2011 66.21% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:34 2011 67.62% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:35 2011 69.03% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:35 2011 70.44% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:34 2011 71.85% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:34 2011 73.26% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:34 2011 74.67% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:34 2011 76.08% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:33 2011 77.48% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:34 2011 78.89% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:34 2011 80.30% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:35 2011 81.71% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:34 2011 83.12% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:35 2011 84.53% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:35 2011 85.94% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:35 2011 87.35% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:35 2011 88.75% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:36 2011 90.17% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:35 2011 91.57% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:36 2011 92.98% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:35 2011 94.39% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:37 2011 95.80% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:38 2011 97.21% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:39 2011 98.62% done, estimate finish Sun Apr 3 15:11:39 2011 Total translation table size: 2048 Total rockridge attributes bytes: 28339 Total directory bytes: 129258 Path table size(bytes): 828 Max brk space used 3b000 354918 extents written (693 MB)
Maka selesailah sudah proses remastering kita.
Uji dengan menggunakan Virtual Box
Anda dapat mengulang proses kustomisasi kapan saja dengan masuk kembali ke lingkungan chroot ke folder squashfs-root tadi dan mengulang proses-proses yang ada diatas.
Mudah bukan ? Selamat mencoba
Pertanyaan apapun seputar remastering sangat terbuka di ruang komentar di bawah artikel ini
bagus nih gan. ane mau tanya , ane kan udah ekstraksi filesystem.squashfs trus masuk ke hasil ekstraksi tadi, saat mau ketik perintah chroot itu ane di terminal harus masuk ke foldernya ya gan? misalnya ” cd Documents/remastering/squashfs-root ” bener gak gan? maklum newbie , mau nyoba nge-remaster gan
Perintah untuk chroot : chroot , tidak masalah dilakukan saat dimanapun, asal target foldernya tepat. Misalya dengan contoh diatas : langsung saja :
sudo chroot ~/Documents/remastering/squashfs-root
Demikian
oo begitu, di langkah selanjutnya ada clean /tmp , yang jadi pertanyaannya itu folder tmp yang ada di dalam folder squashfs-root atau tmp yang ada di filesystem di desktop user ? maaf gan nanya lagi. terima kasih mohon bimbingannya.
/tmp yang ada di folder squashfs-root (yang ada di lingkungan chroot)
terima kasih gan ilmunya, maklum masih pemula
pak saya mau tanya klo ini errornya knp yah ? mohon bantuannya pak 🙂
cyberx@cyber-X:~$ cd Documents/
cyberx@cyber-X:~/Documents$ ls
paket remastering
cyberx@cyber-X:~/Documents$ cd remastering/
cyberx@cyber-X:~/Documents/remastering$ ls
edit filesystem.squashfs pinux squashfs-root
cyberx@cyber-X:~/Documents/remastering$ sudo chroot squashfs-root dpkg-query -W –showformat=’${Package} ${Version}\n’ \
> > edit/casper/filesystem.manifest
[sudo] password for cyberx:
cyberx@cyber-X:~/Documents/remastering$ sudo sed -i ‘/ubiquity/d’ edit/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
cyberx@cyber-X:~/Documents/remastering$ sudo sed -i ‘/casper/d’ edit/casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop
cyberx@cyber-X:~/Documents/remastering$ sudo mksquashfs squashfs-root filesystem.squashfs
Found a valid exportable SQUASHFS superblock on filesystem.squashfs.
Inodes are compressed
Data is compressed
Fragments are compressed
Fragments are present in the filesystem
Always_use_fragments option is not specified
Duplicates are removed
Filesystem size 667202.81 Kbytes (651.57 Mbytes)
Block size 131072
Number of fragments 6043
Number of inodes 133141
Number of ids 30
Parallel mksquashfs: Using 2 processors
Scanning existing filesystem…
Read existing filesystem, 133140 inodes scanned
Appending to existing 4.0 filesystem on filesystem.squashfs, block size 131072
All -b, -noI, -noD, -noF, no-duplicates, no-fragments, -always-use-fragments and -exportable options ignored
If appending is not wanted, please re-run with -noappend specified!
Segmentation fault
cyberx@cyber-X:~/Documents/remastering$
bang pada tahap ini
user@user-netbook:~$sudo chroot edit dpkg-query -W – – showformat=’${Package} ${Version}\n’ >
ngdaftarin software-nya satu-satu…???